<?php
/**
 * Polyline Utility
 * Encoding/Decoding Google Maps Polyline Algorithm Format
 * Used for efficient route storage and transmission
 */

class PolylineUtility {
    /**
     * Decode polyline string to array of coordinates
     * Implementation of Google's Encoded Polyline Algorithm Format
     * 
     * @param string $encoded The encoded polyline string
     * @return array Array of coordinates with 'lat' and 'lng' keys
     */
    public static function decodePolyline($encoded) {
        $inv = 1.0 / 1e5;
        $decoded = [];
        $previous = [0, 0];
        $i = 0;

        while ($i < strlen($encoded)) {
            $ll = [0, 0];

            for ($j = 0; $j < 2; $j++) {
                $shift = 0;
                $result = 0;

                do {
                    $byte = ord(substr($encoded, $i++, 1)) - 63;
                    $result |= ($byte & 0x1f) << $shift;
                    $shift += 5;
                } while ($byte >= 0x20 && $i < strlen($encoded));

                $dlng = ($result & 1) ? ~($result >> 1) : ($result >> 1);
                $ll[$j] = $previous[$j] + $dlng;
                $previous[$j] = $ll[$j];
            }

            $decoded[] = [
                'lat' => $ll[0] * $inv,
                'lng' => $ll[1] * $inv
            ];
        }

        return $decoded;
    }

    /**
     * Encode array of coordinates to polyline string
     * Implementation of Google's Encoded Polyline Algorithm Format
     * 
     * @param array $coordinates Array of coordinates with 'lat' and 'lng' keys
     * @return string The encoded polyline string
     */
    public static function encodePolyline($coordinates) {
        $encoded = '';
        $previous = [0, 0];

        foreach ($coordinates as $point) {
            $lat = $point['lat'];
            $lng = $point['lng'];

            $current = [
                intval(round($lat * 1e5)),
                intval(round($lng * 1e5))
            ];

            for ($j = 0; $j < 2; $j++) {
                $curr = $current[$j];
                $prev = $previous[$j];
                $value = $curr - $prev;

                $value = ($value << 1) ^ ($value >> 31);
                $chunks = [];

                while ($value >= 0x20) {
                    $chunks[] = (0x20 | ($value & 0x1f)) + 63;
                    $value >>= 5;
                }

                $chunks[] = $value + 63;

                foreach ($chunks as $chunk) {
                    $encoded .= chr($chunk);
                }

                $previous[$j] = $current[$j];
            }
        }

        return $encoded;
    }

    /**
     * Calculate distance between two coordinates using Haversine formula
     * Returns distance in meters
     * 
     * @param float $lat1 Starting latitude
     * @param float $lng1 Starting longitude
     * @param float $lat2 Ending latitude
     * @param float $lng2 Ending longitude
     * @return float Distance in meters
     */
    public static function calculateDistance($lat1, $lng1, $lat2, $lng2) {
        $earth_radius = 6371000; // Earth's radius in meters

        $dLat = deg2rad($lat2 - $lat1);
        $dLng = deg2rad($lng2 - $lng1);

        $a = sin($dLat / 2) * sin($dLat / 2) +
             cos(deg2rad($lat1)) * cos(deg2rad($lat2)) *
             sin($dLng / 2) * sin($dLng / 2);

        $c = 2 * atan2(sqrt($a), sqrt(1 - $a));
        $distance = $earth_radius * $c;

        return round($distance, 2);
    }

    /**
     * Calculate total distance of a route from coordinates array
     * 
     * @param array $coordinates Array of coordinates with 'lat' and 'lng' keys
     * @return float Total distance in meters
     */
    public static function calculateTotalDistance($coordinates) {
        if (count($coordinates) < 2) {
            return 0;
        }

        $total_distance = 0;

        for ($i = 0; $i < count($coordinates) - 1; $i++) {
            $current = $coordinates[$i];
            $next = $coordinates[$i + 1];

            $segment_distance = self::calculateDistance(
                $current['lat'],
                $current['lng'],
                $next['lat'],
                $next['lng']
            );

            $total_distance += $segment_distance;
        }

        return round($total_distance, 2);
    }

    /**
     * Calculate elevation gain and loss from coordinates with elevation data
     * 
     * @param array $coordinates Array of coordinates with 'lat', 'lng', and 'elevation' keys
     * @return array ['gain' => float, 'loss' => float]
     */
    public static function calculateElevationChange($coordinates) {
        $elevation_gain = 0;
        $elevation_loss = 0;

        for ($i = 0; $i < count($coordinates) - 1; $i++) {
            $current_elevation = $coordinates[$i]['elevation'] ?? null;
            $next_elevation = $coordinates[$i + 1]['elevation'] ?? null;

            if ($current_elevation !== null && $next_elevation !== null) {
                $change = $next_elevation - $current_elevation;

                if ($change > 0) {
                    $elevation_gain += $change;
                } else {
                    $elevation_loss += abs($change);
                }
            }
        }

        return [
            'gain' => round($elevation_gain, 2),
            'loss' => round($elevation_loss, 2)
        ];
    }

    /**
     * Simplify polyline using Douglas-Peucker algorithm
     * Reduces number of points while maintaining shape accuracy
     * 
     * @param array $coordinates Array of coordinates
     * @param float $tolerance Distance tolerance in degrees
     * @return array Simplified coordinates array
     */
    public static function simplifyPolyline($coordinates, $tolerance = 0.00001) {
        if (count($coordinates) < 3) {
            return $coordinates;
        }

        $dmax = 0;
        $index = 0;

        for ($i = 1; $i < count($coordinates) - 1; $i++) {
            $d = self::pointLineDistance(
                $coordinates[$i],
                $coordinates[0],
                $coordinates[count($coordinates) - 1]
            );

            if ($d > $dmax) {
                $dmax = $d;
                $index = $i;
            }
        }

        if ($dmax > $tolerance) {
            $rec1 = self::simplifyPolyline(
                array_slice($coordinates, 0, $index + 1),
                $tolerance
            );
            $rec2 = self::simplifyPolyline(
                array_slice($coordinates, $index),
                $tolerance
            );

            $result = array_merge(array_slice($rec1, 0, -1), $rec2);
        } else {
            $result = [
                $coordinates[0],
                $coordinates[count($coordinates) - 1]
            ];
        }

        return $result;
    }

    /**
     * Calculate perpendicular distance from point to line
     */
    private static function pointLineDistance($point, $lineStart, $lineEnd) {
        $px = $point['lat'];
        $py = $point['lng'];
        $x1 = $lineStart['lat'];
        $y1 = $lineStart['lng'];
        $x2 = $lineEnd['lat'];
        $y2 = $lineEnd['lng'];

        $numerator = abs(($y2 - $y1) * $px - ($x2 - $x1) * $py + $x2 * $y1 - $y2 * $x1);
        $denominator = sqrt(pow($y2 - $y1, 2) + pow($x2 - $x1, 2));

        return $denominator != 0 ? $numerator / $denominator : 0;
    }

    /**
     * Validate polyline string format
     * 
     * @param string $polyline The encoded polyline
     * @return bool True if valid polyline format
     */
    public static function validatePolyline($polyline) {
        if (!is_string($polyline) || empty($polyline)) {
            return false;
        }

        // Check that all characters are valid ASCII printable
        for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($polyline); $i++) {
            $char_code = ord($polyline[$i]);
            if ($char_code < 63 || $char_code > 126) {
                return false;
            }
        }

        return true;
    }
}
?>