pdo = new PDO($dsn, $config['username'], $config['password'], [ PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE => PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION, PDO::ATTR_DEFAULT_FETCH_MODE => PDO::FETCH_ASSOC, PDO::ATTR_EMULATE_PREPARES => false, ]); } catch (\PDOException $e) { throw new Exception("Database connection failed: " . $e->getMessage()); } } /** * Get active PDO instance. */ public function getPdo(): PDO { return $this->pdo; } }